He was a philosopher. He was 70 years old, baldheaded, with an absurd pug nose and an unkempt beard. He wore nothing but a cloak — no shoes, no shirt; no underwear. He had the merriest of dispositions, no one had ever seen him angry or unkind. He was very brave: he had served as a foot soldier in four battles. He was a philosopher. He did nothing but talk — talk to anyone who would listen to him, in the streets and marketplaces, discussing philosophy with students or sailors, or tradesmen, questioning men about what they believed in and why, always why – and how they could prove it. He met every answer with a new question and each answer after that with another question.
Some Athenians called him a dangerous idler' who did nothing but engage "in irony and jest on mankind." The Oracle at Delphi had called him the wisest man alive, but Socrates, with his cool skepticism, said that his wisdom lay only in this: that unlike other men, he knew how great was his ignorance. He refused to accept a penny for teaching. Indeed, he was sure he could never teach anyone anything; he said he tried to teach men how to think. His enemies hated him.
They said he made young minds doubt, if not mock everything, and it was undermining respect for democracy itself. How did he defend himself? "I shall not change my conduct even if I must die a hundred deaths. Death does not matter, what matters is that I should do no wrong," he said. They voted him guilty. The prosecutor demanded the death penalty. Under the law of Athens, it was now for the defendant to propose an alternative. Socrates could suggest that he be exiled, but he did not. His friends wanted to smuggle him out of prison but he refused to escape. When his wife Xantippe broke into hysterics in the death cell, he sent her and his sons away. He spent his last hours discussing the problems that had always intrigued him: good and evil. His mind was never idle. When his disciples saw him drink the cup of poison with the dignity they wept.
The man is gone but the "Socratic" method of questioning and teaching has always been respected since then
Some Athenians called him a dangerous idler' who did nothing but engage "in irony and jest on mankind." The Oracle at Delphi had called him the wisest man alive, but Socrates, with his cool skepticism, said that his wisdom lay only in this: that unlike other men, he knew how great was his ignorance. He refused to accept a penny for teaching. Indeed, he was sure he could never teach anyone anything; he said he tried to teach men how to think. His enemies hated him.
They said he made young minds doubt, if not mock everything, and it was undermining respect for democracy itself. How did he defend himself? "I shall not change my conduct even if I must die a hundred deaths. Death does not matter, what matters is that I should do no wrong," he said. They voted him guilty. The prosecutor demanded the death penalty. Under the law of Athens, it was now for the defendant to propose an alternative. Socrates could suggest that he be exiled, but he did not. His friends wanted to smuggle him out of prison but he refused to escape. When his wife Xantippe broke into hysterics in the death cell, he sent her and his sons away. He spent his last hours discussing the problems that had always intrigued him: good and evil. His mind was never idle. When his disciples saw him drink the cup of poison with the dignity they wept.
The man is gone but the "Socratic" method of questioning and teaching has always been respected since then
ПЕРЕКЛАД
Він був філософом. Йому було 70 років, лисий, з абсурдним мошковим носом і незграбною бородою. Він нічого не носив, окрім плаща - без взуття, не сорочки; немає білизни. Він мав веселі розстановки, ніхто ніколи не бачив його злий чи недобрий. Він був дуже сміливий: він в чотирьох битвах служив вогнем-носієм. Він був філософом. Він нічого не робив, крім того, говорити - розмовляти з усіма, хто слухає його, на вулицях і на ринках, обговорюючи філософію зі студентами або матросами, або торговцями, запитуючи людей про те, що вони вірили, і чому, чому завжди - і як вони могли це довести . Він зустрів кожну відповідь з новим питанням, і кожна відповідь після цього з іншого питання.
Деякі афіняни називали його небезпечним безглуздим "хто нічого не робив, але займався" іронією та жартами на людство ". Оракл в Дельфі назвав його наймудрішим чоловіком живим, але Сократ з його крутим скептицизмом сказав, що його мудрість лежить лише в цьому: він, на відміну від інших людей, знав, наскільки велике його незнання. Він відмовився прийняти копійку на навчання. Дійсно, він був впевнений, що ніколи не зможе навчити нікого; він сказав, що намагався вчити людей, як думати. Його вороги ненавиділи його. Вони казали, що він породжує сумніви, якщо не здивувати все, і це підриває повагу до самої демократії. Як він захистився? "Я не буду змінювати мою поведінку, навіть якщо повинен померти сто смертних випадків. Смерть не має значення, головне, що я не повинен робити нічого поганого", - сказав він. Вони проголосували його винним. Прокурор вимагав смертну кару. Відповідно до закону Афін відповідач мав запропонувати альтернативу. Сократ міг припустити, що він буде засланий, але він цього не зробив. Його друзі хотіли вивезти його з в'язниці, але він відмовився втекти. Коли його дружина Хантипе розбила істерику в камері смерті, він відправив її та своїх синів. Він провів останні години, обговорюючи проблеми, які його завжди цікавлять: добро і зло. Його розум ніколи не було простою. Коли його учні побачили, що він п'є чашу з отрутою з гідністю, вони плакали.
Чоловік пішов, але "сократський" метод допиту та навчання завжди був поважаний з тих пір
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